Agricultural Biodiversity Weblog

Here come the nutrition data

Luigi Guarino — Mon, 01 Jun 2020 11:36:48 +0000

Here’s a small taste of what you can do with the just-launched Food Systems Dashboard.

The graph shows the relationship between diversity of food supply (x-axis) and child/adolescent underweight (y-axis), with bubble size proportional to the incidence of anemia in women. The red outlier is India. Lots more variables to play with.

Is there a nicer way to share results than a screenshot though?

Brainfood: CC & breeding, Maize data, Images, Seed activism, Fishy rice, BRI, Cherry genome, Llama diversity, Swiss chestnuts, Integrated livestock, Aichi targets, Forests, Rejolladas, Bitter gourd genome

Luigi Guarino — Mon, 01 Jun 2020 06:20:45 +0000

Designing crops for adaptation to the drought and high‐temperature risks anticipated in future climates. High-temperature tolerance of seed-setting and transpiration efficiency are going to be needed.
2019 release of SNP allele frequency data for maize accessions in the CIMMYT Germplasm Bank maize collection. Maybe this will help?
ImageBreed: Open‐access plant breeding web–database for image‐based phenotyping. I’m sure this will help.
In or out? Organisational dynamics within European ‘peasant seed’ movements facing opening-up institutions and policies. In, I hope.
Rice field fisheries: Wild aquatic species diversity, food provision services and contribution to inland fisheries. Careful with intensification.
A draft genome of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) reveals genome‐wide and local effects of domestication. Interesting parallels with peach.
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Llamas (Lama glama) from the Camelid Germplasm Bank—Quimsachata. The populations of 2 breeds in the bank are diverse but not very different.
Reservoir of the European chestnut diversity in Switzerland. There’s a uniquely Swiss genetic group.
Commercial integrated crop-livestock systems achieve comparable crop yields to specialized production systems: A meta-analysis. Aim for soils of intermediate texture for the win-win though.
Best-practice biodiversity safeguards for Belt and Road Initiative’s financiers. Needs work.
Assessment of national-level progress towards elements of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets. Not great. See above.
Meeting the food security challenge for nine billion people in 2050: What impact on forests? Impact need not be as great as it could be. See above.
Influential landscapes: Temporal trends in the agricultural use of rejolladas at Tahcabo, Yucatán, Mexico. Solution sinkholes have been used for horticulture for hundreds of years.
Long-read bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) genome and the genomic architecture of nonclassic domestication. Almost as much phenotypic differences between two regional genotypic groups among cultivated forms than between the wild and cultivated.

Nibbles: Lettuce breeding, SPC genebank, European genebanks, Messaging, New sorghum, Ancient DNA, Pastoralism review

Luigi Guarino — Fri, 29 May 2020 08:13:37 +0000

A million buck to save lettuce.
Genebank provides seeds shock.
The genebank of the future will provide data.
How to talk about genebanks (among other things).
A sorghum variety to keep an eye on.
The past, present and future of Cinchona.
Ancient genomics of people and dogs: compare and contrast.
Looking (up) to pastoralists for answers.

Nibbles: BSF, GNR2020, AI, IITA, Papa, Volcani, Yu, aDNA

Luigi Guarino — Tue, 26 May 2020 07:06:08 +0000

The ITPGRFA’s Benefit Sharing Fund at work.
Remembering the Global Nutrition Report. Yes, I know it was only a few days ago.
Measuring poverty from space.
Interview with IITA’s genebank manager.
Humble-bragging the potato. In Spanish.
The Israeli genebank in the news.
Seed saving in China.
DNA from ancient Egyptian emmer.

Brainfood: Food Systems Dashboard, Woody perennials, Translocation, Seed storage, Forest management, Urban trees, Ancient beer, Beef cattle selection, Potato breeding, Seed physiology, Peanut origins, Wild coffees, Soil bugs

Luigi Guarino — Mon, 25 May 2020 06:10:18 +0000

The Food Systems Dashboard is a new tool to inform better food policy. 140 indicators from over 30 sources. Launching soon. Always good to have the data.
Using Living Germplasm Collections to Characterize, Improve, and Conserve Woody Perennials. Nice review of the conservation of your favourite fruits in field genebanks (about 6% of the total number of crop accessions).
Moving threatened plants: Story and practice. It sounds easy but it isn’t.
Seed Germination after 30 Years Storage in Permafrost. Drying, drying, drying.
Why Seed Physiology Is Important for Genebanking. Well, don’t you want to know why a seed lot is showing no or low germination after 30 years in permafrost? Or, alternatively, how long another one will continue to show good germination? Thought so.
Habitat management alternatives for conservation forests in the temperate zone: Review, synthesis, and implications. 4 intervention alternatives: minimal, traditional, non-traditional and species-based. But we need long-term studies to really know what works best. Presumably longer than 30 years. This is an old paper, but it came up again because of this very thorough Twitter thread.
High richness of exotic trees in tropical urban green spaces: Reproductive systems, fruiting and associated risks to native species. Go native. At least in Brazil. Someone should mash up with all the papers above.
Mashes to Mashes, Crust to Crust. Presenting a novel microstructural marker for malting in the archaeological record. Look for cell wall breakdown in the grain’s aleurone layer.
Powerful detection of polygenic selection and environmental adaptation in US beef cattle. Local adaptation is being eroded.
Genomic-Led Potato Breeding for Increasing Genetic Gains: Achievements and Outlook. The future is true seed-propagated F1 diploid hybrids produced by crossing inbred diploid lines. Oh, plus gene editing here and there.
Reply to: Evaluating two different models of peanut’s origin. Did the polyploidization event which gave rise to Arachis hypogaea occur ~450,000 years ago or <10,000 years ago? The authors who said the former double down.
Lost and Found: Coffea stenophylla and C. affinis, the Forgotten Coffee Crop Species of West Africa. Let the interbreeding commence.
The proportion of soil-borne pathogens increases with warming at the global scale. Be afraid.

Nibbles: Fusarium, Lactobacillus, Lycopersicon, Digitaria, Morus

Luigi Guarino — Fri, 22 May 2020 10:49:22 +0000

The latest on TR4 resistant banana varieties in Australia.
Lactobacillus is in fact 25 genera.
Greenhouse tomatoes pretty diverse after all?
Digitaria: from weed to forage.
London’s mulberries.

Viral Vault vids

Luigi Guarino — Fri, 22 May 2020 06:54:55 +0000

I guess people are mainly sitting at home making videos during the lockdown. Here are two on Svalbard which dropped within a couple of days of each other, presumably in time for the International Day for Biodiversity. Which is today, isn’t it?

And you might as well complement them with this nice article from Simran Sethi.

The EU gets a new biodiversity strategy

Luigi Guarino — Thu, 21 May 2020 13:40:50 +0000

The decline of genetic diversity must also be reversed, including by facilitating the use of traditional varieties of crops and breeds. This would also bring health benefits through more varied and nutritious diets. The Commission is considering the revision of marketing rules for traditional crop varieties in order to contribute to their conservation and sustainable use. The Commission will also take measures to facilitate the registration of seed varieties, including for organic farming, and to ensure easier market access for traditional and locally adapted varieties.

That’s from the EU’s new biodiversity policy. Promising. But I don’t see anything in there about ex situ conservation to back up this conservation-through-use approach, welcome as it is.

What makes taro an orphan crop?

Luigi Guarino — Thu, 21 May 2020 06:59:04 +0000

Live at 2pm GMT today 21 May…

LATER: Spoiler alert. The answer to the question in the title has to do with:

inaccurate dogmas
multiplicity of names
negative social bias
lack of research
narrow ecological niche
archaeological invisibility
missing numbers

Potato atlas returns to life

Luigi Guarino — Wed, 20 May 2020 13:33:44 +0000

I have decided to relaunch the potato and sweetpotato atlas sites — completed while working with CIP, but now personal — in hope that with active collaboration, they can become more current and relevant.

That’s from the very brave Kelly Theisen, on the World Potato Atlas site. We’ll see how both develop, and do what we can to help. The country chapters from the original versions of both atlases, which date back to the 1980’s, are also on there.